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Most of the sheepon the hill at the moment. [ ]A. are B. is C. was D. were -八年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-11-20 00:00:00  互联网

题文

Most of the sheep              on the hill at the moment.

A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
题型:单选题  难度:中档

答案

A

据专家权威分析,试题“Most of the sheepon the hill at the moment. [ ]A. are B. ..”主要考查你对  集合名词,系动词  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

集合名词系动词

考点名称:集合名词

  • 集合名词
    是语言学上的一个专有名词,意指一种可用来指称一群对象的词,而这些对象,可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
    例如:family (家庭), cattle (牛, 牲畜),  goods (货物),  baggage/luggage (行李),hair (头发, 毛发),fruit (水果)

  • 集合名词分类及用法特点:
    第一类
    形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词
    包括family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等。
    其用法特点为:
    若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。
    比较并体会:
    His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。
    His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。
    This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。
    This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。

    第二类
    形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词
    包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等。
    其用法特点为:
    只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用)。
    如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。
    The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
    Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
    注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。
    如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛

    第三类
    形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等。
    其用法特点是:
    只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。
    如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。
    Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。
    If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。

    第四类
    形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词
    包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等。
    其用法特点为:
    是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。
    如:Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
    The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。
    The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。
    The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。
    注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。
    如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗
    many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器。

  •  

  • 初中常见集合名词及用法特点:
    1. family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等
    其用法特点为:
    若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:
    This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。
    This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。
    2. cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等
    其用法特点为:
    只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:
    People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。
    The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
    For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
    注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。
    如:three head of cattle 3头牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20头牛。
    3. goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等
    其用法特点是:
    只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:
    Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。
    To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的?
    4. baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等
    其用法特点为:
    是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词 (当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:
    Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
    Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?
    特别提醒:
    machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。
    如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗,
    many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器。
    5. hair(头发,毛发)
    指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:
    My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。(D21)
    The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。(D23)
    6. mankind(人类)
    是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:
    This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。
    Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。
    特别提醒:
    mankind 表示“人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。
    如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。
    7. fruit(水果)
    作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:
    He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
    He is growing fruit in the country. 他在农村种水果。
    但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。体会:
    Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
    The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。

  • 集合名词的主谓一致:
    一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。
    其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。
    主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。
    其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。
    注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。
    如:army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。
    常见的此类集合名词有:
    army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,
    community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,
    family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom ,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,
    opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民), union,university等。
    1.The staff is/are hardworking.
    2.The audience were moved to tears.
    3.The lecturer draws large audiences.
    4.The whole school was punished.
    5.The class consists of 40 students.
    6.This class are diligent.
    7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.
    8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.

    二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。
    常见的此类集合名词有:
    cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工), herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵),
    people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。
    1.There are verm in here.
    2.Some people are never satisfied.
    3.The police/military have surrounded the building.
    4.There are three people waving at us.
    5.The police haven't arrived yet.
    【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.

    三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。
    常见的此类集合名词有:
    aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),
    laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。
    1.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.
    2.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.
    3.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.
    【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:
    Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.
    Som e youths don't like jazz.

    四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。
    常见的此类集合名词有:
    Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin, Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。
    1.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.
    2.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.
    3.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.
    4.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.
    5.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.
    6.Liverpool is leading 1—0.
    7.Liverpool are attacking again.

    五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。
    常见的此类集合名词有:
    aircraft,baggage, clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),
    footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,
    poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。
    1.All the furniture in my room is new.
    2.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.
    3.There is not much vegetation in deserts.
    4.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.
    5.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.
    6.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.

考点名称:系动词

  • 系动词
    亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

  • 系动词的分类:
    1)状态系动词
    用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
    He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
    2)持续系动词
    用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
    He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
    This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
    3)表像系动词
    用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
    He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
    He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
    4)感官系动词
    感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
    This kind of cloth feels very soft.
    这种布手感很软。
    This flower smells very sweet.
    这朵花闻起来很香。
    5)变化系动词
    这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
    例如:
    He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
    She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
    6)终止系动词
    表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
    The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
    The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
    His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

  • 系动词使用的注意事项:
    系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    1.be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。

    a通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。

    b特别要注意be+过去分词所构成的系表结构与be+过去分词所构成的被动语态的区别。

    c前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。

    如:The door was closed.

    后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.

    d还要注意be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。

    前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.

    后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.


    2.
    要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。

    a表示人体感官的系动词有soundtastelookfeelsmell等,后面接形容词;

    b表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有becomegetgoturnrungrowcomefallprove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;

    c表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continuekeepremainstaystand liereststay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;

    d表示判断的系动词有seemappear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。


    3.
    要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。


    4.
    要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。

    系动词部分主要注意:
    其后要求接形容词,而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。
    taste一词为例:

    The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.
    (这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。
    注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接形容词。)

    The chef is tasting the fish carefully.
    (厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。
    注意:在这句话中,taste做实意动词,可以使用进行时,并且后面接副词做状语。)

  • 系动词用法点拨:
    1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。
    一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。
    但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
    一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
    He is being kind.(一时而不能持久的性质)他装出和蔼可亲的样子。
    二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
    I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。
    Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)你感觉好了些吗?
    试比较:
    Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)你的手摸起来冰凉。
    不可以说:
    Your hand is feeling cold.(×)
    但可以说:
    The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意识的动态动作)医生正在给她拿脉。
    The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)这汤的味道不错。
    The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)厨师在尝汤的味道。

    总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。
    我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。
    例如smell的用法可见一斑。
    ①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
    The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
    ②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
    The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。
    ③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
    The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。

    2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。
    某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。例如:
    He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。
    Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。
    The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。

    3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。
    英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如:
    不能说:
    The apple is tasted good.
    (因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
    但我们可以说:
    The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。
    (taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
    因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之 ,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。

    4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
    英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如:
    ①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.
    应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.
    ②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
    应改为:He has been a writer since 3 years ago.
    或It is three years since he turned writer.
    ③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.
    应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.

    5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
    系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
    ①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如:
    It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。
    He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
    他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。
    She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.
    看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。
    It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.
    我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
    She felt as if her head were splitting.
    她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
    The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
    那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
    It seems as if it were spring already.
    好像已是春天了。
    ②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如:
    It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
    好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
    It appeared that he was talking to himself.
    好像他在自言自语。
    ③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
    Her job is to look after the children.
    她的工作是照料孩子们。
    He seems not to look after the children.
    他好像不是她的父亲。
    She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.
    她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。
    He didn’t appear to dislike it.
    看不出他憎恨此事。
    My advice proved to be wrong.
    我的建议证明是错误的。
    He will grow to like this work gradually.
    他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。
    ④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.
    There appeared to be only one room.
    那儿好像只有一个房间。
    There seems(to be)no need to go.
    似乎没有必要走。

    6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
    举例说明:
    It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.
    He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
    The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.

    7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构
    能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。
    当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
    Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
    1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。
    Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)
    The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
    2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。
    John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。
    They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
    另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。



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