零零教育信息网 首页 > 考试 > 英语 > 初中英语 > 反身代词 > 正文 返回 打印

用所给词的正确形式填空。1. They work out the difficult maths problem all by _____ (oneself) today.2. What would you do if you _____ (win) a scholarship?3. I-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-12-01 00:00:00  互联网

题文

用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. They work out the difficult maths problem all by _____ (oneself) today.
2. What would you do if you _____ (win) a scholarship?
3. If it _____ (be) nice today, we _____ (go) for a picnic. But we were unlucky today.
4. If I _____ (have) time, I could play with  you.
5. If you had got up earlier, you would _____ (catch) the train.
题型:填空题  难度:中档

答案

1. themselves    2. won    3. were;  would go    4. had     5. have caught

据专家权威分析,试题“用所给词的正确形式填空。1. They work out the difficult math..”主要考查你对  反身代词,实义动词的过去式,实义动词的过去分词,虚拟语气句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

反身代词实义动词的过去式实义动词的过去分词虚拟语气句

考点名称:反身代词

  • 反身代词:
    是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。
    因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。
    它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,加上self或selves构成。

  • 变为反身代词构成:
    1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如:
    I--myself we--ourselves you(单数)
    -- yourself you(复数)-- yourselves
    2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如:
    she--herself 
    he --himself
    it--itself 
    they--themselves 
    one--oneself
    例句:
    In his twenties, Charles began to write and soon became famous.查尔斯二十多岁的时候开始写作,很快就出名了
    It is myself that solved all the problems.是我自己解决了所有的问题。
    I want to dress myself warmly.我要穿暖和一点。

    变化歌诀:
    反身代词代自己,懂得规律很好记
    单数人称加self,复数人称selves
    一二人称都一样,所有格后加自己
    第三人称不一样,要用宾格加自己

  • 反身代词使用注意事项:
    ①反身代词不能做主语,但可作主语同位语,放在主语后或句末。如:
    我自己去了电影院。
    错:Myself went to the cinema .
    对:I went to the cinema myself.
    ②反身代词可以作宾语的同位语
    You can go and ask John himself.翻译:你可以去问约翰本人。
    ③反身代词可以作介词的宾语。
    by oneself 全靠自己;
    say to oneself 自言自语。
    She learnt swimming all by herself.
    她是自学游泳的。
    She said to herself,"Who am I?"
    她自言自语的说:“我是谁?”
    ④反身代词作动词的宾语
    enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;
    help oneself (to) 随便用……;
    hurt oneself 伤害自己;
    teach oneself 自学;
    get dressed oneself 自己穿衣
    seat oneself 就坐

  • 反身代词用法口诀:
    反身代词表自身,句中可作三成分
    动介后面用作宾,表示动作回自身
    句中强调同位语,主语宾语后变跟
    系动be后作表语,这个用法要牢记

    反身代词有的用法:
    1、作宾语,此时的宾语指的就是主语。
    A.非强调用法
    这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。
    它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如:
    (1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(简年纪太小,以至于不能照看自己)
    (2)I teach myself English.(我自学英语)
    (3)He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己,谢天谢地。)

    B.强调用法
    反身代词在强调用法中表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。
    此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。例如:
    (1)You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做)
    (2)I myself did the homework last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业)

    C.与by搭配
    当反身代词与by搭配时,意为:单独地,没有人帮助的。例如:
    (1)We must finish it all by ourselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)
    (2)He can swim all by himself.(他能独自一个人游泳。)

    D.宾语转换为主语一定要记牢有些形容词需有反身代词
    Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
    We enjoyed ourselves last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

    E.用于及物动词+宾语+介词
    take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
    I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

    F.注意:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up,sit down ,wake up等。
    注:反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义。如:
    He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他自己。(himself 和 he 为同一人)
    He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。(him 显然指另外一人)

    2、作表语,此时的表语指的就是主语。可用在be,feel,seem,look等系动词之后,通常描述身体、精神等方面的感觉或状态。例如:
    After a few days of rest,he was more himself again.
    休息几天之后,他的身体好多了。
    She does't look herself today.
    她今天看上去神色不正常。
    I am not myself today.
    我今天不舒服。

    3、作同位语,用来加强语气或表示强调,可译为“亲自”,“本人”。如果省去反身代词,句子含义也不会有实质性的改变。
    这样用时,反身代词在句中的位置比较灵活,如果是做主语的同位语,可以紧跟在该名词或代词的后面,也可置于句末。
    The thing itself is not important. 翻译:事情本身并不重要。

    4、在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:
    No one but myself (me) is hurt.

    5、作主语
    反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
    (错)Myself drove the car.
    (对)I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
    但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。
    例如:Charles and myself saw it.
    反身代词不能做主语,但可以放在主语后或句末。
    例如:I did it by myself.

  •  

     单数

    复数 

     第一人称

    myself 

     ourselves

     第二人称

     yourself

     yourselves

     第三人称

     himself
    herself
    itself

    themselves 

考点名称:实义动词的过去式

  • 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
    动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

  • 实意动词过去式变化规则:
    分类 构成 例句
    一般情况下 在词尾直接加ed ask—asked
    work—worked
    以不发音的e结尾 只加d

    love—loved

    dance—danced

    以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed try—tried
    study—studied
    以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的
    重读音节结尾的动词
    先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed stop—stopped
    permit—permitted
    “-ed”的读音规则 1.在清辅音后面读[t],如:help—helped[helpt]
    2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d],如:learn—learned
    3.在[t]和[d]后读[id],如:want—wantedneed—needed
    注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;
    尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
    特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的,常见的有:
    常用的有:
    begin—began,         bring—brought,        come—came,        draw—drew,
    drink—drank,          drive—drove,          eat—ate,                feel—felt,
    get—got,                  give—gave,              go—went,             grow—grew,
    have (has)—had,      keep—kept,            know—knew,       leave—left,  
    make—made,           read—read,            run—ran,               say—said,
    see—saw,                sit—sat

  • 几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:
    a.beat的过去式与原形同形:   
    beat(打击) 
    beat(过去式) 
    beaten(过去分词)   
    b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    lie,lied, lied(说谎)   
    lay, lain(躺,位于)   

    c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    hang,hanged, hanged(处绞刑)   
    hung, hung(挂,吊)   

    d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词   
    welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)   
    welcome, welcome(误)   

    e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词   
    hit(打) 
    hit, hit(正)   
    hitted, hitted(误) 

  • 实意动词过去式用法基本句式:
    1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。(肯定句)
    2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。
    3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+?
    4.回答:Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't.
    5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

  • 实义动词的一般过去时态:
    肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

    肯定句为:
    主语+动词过去式+宾语    如:
    I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.

    否定句:
    主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语  如:
    I didn't go home yesterday.  He didn't tell me about you.

    疑问句:
    一般疑问句:
    Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
    如:Did you go home yesterday?  
    Did you study in the school?
    肯定回答: Yes, I did.    
    否定回答:No, I didn't.

    特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
    When did you finish your homework last night?      
    What did you do the day before yesterday?

考点名称:实义动词的过去分词

  • 过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动。

  • 实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的:
    ①一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked
    ②以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced
    ③以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried,study—studied
    ④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed,
    如stop—stopped,permit—permitted
    注意:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
    特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需熟记。

  • 实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:
    过去式是发生过的事;
    过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。

    过去式是用来作谓语的
    过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。

    另外,在两者的形式也有所差异,有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .
    比如:
    begin began begun 就不一样
    teach taught taught 就一样
    用的时候一定要分清

  • 过去分词结构:
    1. 过去分词独立结构
    过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如:
    He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.
    他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)
    This done,we went home.
    做完此事,我们就回家了。(表时间)
    All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.
    积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始找工作。(表原因)
    That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.
    那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题。(表时间)
    2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构
    With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.
    每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。
    With different methods used,different results are obtained.
    采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果。
    She went angrily away without a word spoken.
    她一个字也没说,就生气地走了。
    3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
    (1) 过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有: have 让,使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得
    see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现
    feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使
    want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意
    observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态
    如:
    The work left him exhausted.
    这个活使得他筋疲力尽。
    The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.
    看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。
    The tenant found the house renovated.
    房客看到房子已整修过了。
    It’s better to leave some things unsaid.
    有些事倒是不说的好。
    I don’t want my name linked with him.
    我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。
    The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.
    当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。
    (2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如:
    I had my car repaired
    我把我的车修好了。(别人修的)
    I had my hair cut
    我理发了。(别人给我理的)
    We must get the television set repaired
    我们必须把电视机修好。(被别人修)
    He had his window broken to pieces.
    他的窗户给打破了。(被他人打破)

  • 初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:
    (1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
    cost(花费)cost   cost            
    cut(割)  cut       cut             
    spit      spit/spat     spit/ spat(英)
    hit(打)    hit        hit             
    hurt 伤害) hurt    hurt 
    let(让)    let       let                  
    put(放) put      put
    read (读)read   read

    (2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
    beat(跳动)  beat  beaten

    (3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
    become(变成) became become         
    awake   awoke  awoken
    come(来) came come                    
    run(跑)  ran  run

    (4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
    dig(挖)  dug  dug                           build  built    built
    get(得到)  got  got/gotten                    catch  caught   caught
    hang(吊死)  hanged  hanged                  deal   dealt     dealt
    hang(悬挂)  hung      hung                  feed    fed     fed
    hold(抓住)  held  held                       find    found   found
    shine(照耀) shone shone                    sit(坐)   sat  sat
    pay    paid     paid                        win (赢)  won  won
    send   sent     sent                               meet(遇见)  met  met
    shoot   shot     shot                        keep (保持) kept  kept
    tell    told     told                         sleep(睡)   slept  slept
    win    won     won                        sweep(扫)  swept   swept
    feel(感觉)  felt  felt                         smell(闻)  smelt/smelled   smelt/ smelled
    leave(离开) left  left                            build(建设) built  built
    lend(借出)  lent  lent                          send (传送)     sent  sent
    spend(花费) spent spent                    lose (丢失) lost  lost
    burn (燃烧) burnt  burnt                   learn(学习)  learnt  learnt
    mean(意思是) meant  meant                    catch(抓住) caught  caught
    teach(教)  taught  taught                       bring(带来) brought   brought
    fight (战斗) fought  fought                     buy(买)  bought   bought
    think(想)  thought thought                     hear (听见) heard heard
    sell(卖)  sold  sold                             tell(告诉)  told  told
    say(说)  said  said                            find(找到)  found found
    have/has(有) had  had                        make(制造) made made
    stand(站)  stood stood                        understand明白understood understood

    (5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
    begin(开始) began begun               take(取)  took  taken
    drink(喝)  drank drunk               mistake(弄错) mistook   mistaken
    ring(铃响)  rang  rung                ride(骑)   rode  ridden
    sing (唱)  sang  sung                  do(做)  did  done
    swim(游泳) swam swum                write(写)  wrote written
    blow(吹)  blew  blown                go(去)went  gone
    draw (画)  drew  drawn               lie(平躺)  lay  lain
    fly(飞)  flew  flown                   see(看见)  saw  seen
    grow(生长) grew  grown               wear (穿) wore  worn
    know(知道) knew known             be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were  been
    throw(投掷) threw thrown              show(出示) showed shown
    break(打破) broke broken              choose(选择) chose chosen
    forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)    bear  bore  borne/born
    speak(说,讲) spoke spoken           draw  drew  drawn
    wake(醒)  woke woken               dream  dreamt/ dreamed  dreamt/ dreamed
    drive(驾驶) drove driven             hide    hid   hidden
    eat(吃)  ate  eaten                    lay  laid  laid   放置
    fall(落下)  fell  fallen                 lie  lied   lied   撒谎
    give(给)  gave    given                 lie   lay   lain   躺
    rise(升高)  rose  risen                 see    saw   seen
    shake  shook   shaken                steal  stole    stolen
    can----could            may---might   will---would    shall---should
    must----must

考点名称:虚拟语气句

  • 虚拟语气:
    用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
    虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

  • 初中阶段主要学习在条件句中的虚拟语气。
    条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

    时间

    条件从句 

    主句 

    例句 

    与现在事实相反

    If+主语+过去式(系
    动词be多用were)

    would
    主语+should+V 
    could

    见①②句

    与过去事实相反

    If+主语+had+过去分词

    Would
    主语+should+have+过    
    去分词 
    could

    见③④句

    与将来事实相反

    过去式    
    If+主语+ should+V原 
    were to+V

    would
    主语+should+V 
     could 
     

    见⑤⑥句

    例句:
    ① If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
    ② If I won a million dollars, I would give it to charities.
    ③ If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
    ④ If I had known that earlier, I wouldn’t have done it. 
    ⑤ If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.
    ⑥ If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.

  • 虚拟语气误区:
    1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;
    2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
    3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;
    4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。

    省略虚拟条件:
    1.省略连词if
    有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首:
    Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。
    Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要,我会去的。
    Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。
    【注】
    ① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
    ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
    Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)

    2.省略主语和动词be
    若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略:
    If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
    要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

    3.省略“it+be”
    If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
    如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)

    4.省略条件从句
    这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
    I might see her personally. It would be better.
    我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)

    含蓄条件句中
    (1) 条件暗含在短语中。如:
    We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise)
    Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
    没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
    (暗含条件是介词短语without your help)
    But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
    如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)
    It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
    不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
    (暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately)
    (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如:
    I would not have done it that way.
    我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you)
    I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
    我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。(可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.)
    You might come to join us in the discussion.
    你可以参加我们的讨论。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
    I would have bought the DVD player.
    我是会买下那台影碟机的。(可能暗含if I had the money)
    But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.
    要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。

  • 条件状语从句用法及动词形式:
    1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
    从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
    主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
    eg: 
    1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
    如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
    2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
    如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
    3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
    如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
    4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
    如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
    5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
    如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
    6.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
    她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实:我并非陌生人) 
    2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
    从句:If 主语+had+done
    主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
    eg:
    1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
    2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
    3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
    主句:主语+should+do 
    从句:
    ①if+主语+were to do
    ②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
    ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
    eg:
    1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
    如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
    2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
    如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)
    3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
    如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小)
    4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
    ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
    eg:
    If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
    如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了
    If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
    如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
    ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
    If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
    如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。
    If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
    要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
    5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。eg:
    Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
    要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
    Were she here,she would agree with us.
    如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
    Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
    如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
    6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等  
    eg:
    But for his help,we would be working now.
    要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
    Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
    要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
    We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
    7、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
    ①省略从句
    He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
    You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
    ②省略主句
    If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
    If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
    8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
    eg:If I were you,I would go to look for him.
    如果我是你,就会去找他。

  • 虚拟语气的其他用法:
    1、一想要( desire )
    一宁愿( prefer )
    一坚持( insist )
    二命令( order , command )
    三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)
    四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中,
    无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
    eg:
    He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg:
    He insists he is a student.
    他坚持说他是个学生。
    这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
    suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
    eg:
    His face suggests that he looks worried .
    他的表情暗含着他很担心。
    这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
    2、表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如:
    necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
    句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。
    eg:
    Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
    It is strange that such a person should be our friend.
    奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。
    注:这一点还没有准确的说法,希望善心人能把这点补充完全。
    3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,表示与现在相反的情况;
    从句用过去完成时,表示与过去相反的情况,类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
    eg:
    Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
    即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)
    Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
    即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
    4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:指现在或将来:may +do。
    eg:
    We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
    不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。
    We will find him wherever he may be.
    无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。
    I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
    不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。
    指过去:may +have done 。
    eg:
    You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
    不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。
    We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
    不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
    5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
    过去 had + done 
    现在 过去时(be 用were )
    将来 过去时(be 用were ) (would rather 将来情况用一般过去时)
    eg:
    I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
    我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
    I'd rather you were here now.
    我倒想你现在在这儿。
    We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
    我们倒想你明天去那儿
    注:注意would rather,had rather,would sooner的细微差别,可以百度一下查查。
    6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:
    It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(优先使用动词过去式) ,即从句用虚拟过去式。
    It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
    我该去学校接我的女儿了。
    It is high time you should go to work.
    你早该上班了。
    7、 简单句中的虚拟语气
    (1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。
    eg:
    Would you mind me shutting the door?
    你介意我把门关起来吗?
    You should always learn this lesson by heart.
    你要把这个教训牢记于心。
    I should agree with you.
    我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)
    (2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ do。
    eg:
    May you have a good journey!
    祝你一路顺风。
    May your youth last forever!
    祝你青春永驻。
    (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。
    eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。
    (4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
    ① 提出请求或邀请。eg:
    Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
    今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
    Could I use your bike now?
    我可以用一下你的单车吗?
    ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg:
    I should be glad to meet you.
    见到你我会很高兴。
    I would try my best to help you.
    我会尽力帮助你。
    ③提出劝告或建议。eg:
    You'd better ask your father first.
    你最好先问一问你的父亲。
    You should make a full investigation of it first.
    你应该先全面调查一番。
    ④ 提出问题。eg:
    Do you think he could get here on time
    你认为他能按时来吗?
    Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
    你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
    ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have done。
    eg:
    You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。
    You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。
    8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。



http://www.00-edu.com/html/201912/1863236.html十二生肖
十二星座