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用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. You should be much . It's good for your health. (health) 2. Recently I listened a song Heart Strings. (call) 3. He told m-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-12-25 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. You should be much               . It's good for your health. (health)
2. Recently I listened a song               Heart Strings. (call)
3. He told me that he               in that school for 10 years. (teach)
4. I've been (try)               to cheer him up for 20 minutes.
5. The telephone               (invent) before the car.
题型:填空题  难度:中档

答案

1.healthier   2.called   3.had taught   4.trying   5.was invented

据专家权威分析,试题“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. You should be much . It'..”主要考查你对  形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级,实义动词的现在分词,被动语态,分词,过去完成时  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级实义动词的现在分词被动语态分词过去完成时

考点名称:形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级

  • 形容词的比较级:
    当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;
    当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。

  • 形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊变化规则:
    一、少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级
    tired ---- more tired , most tired
    fond ----- more fond , most fond
    glad ----- more glad , most glad
    bored ---- more bored , most bored
    pleased---- more pleased , most pleased

    二、不规则变化
    good /well------- better ,best
    bad/badly/ill------ worse , worst
    many/much-------more , most
    little ------ less , least
    far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthest
    old ---- older , oldest (GA)
        ---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)

    三、下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式
    cruel----- crueler,  cruelest /more cruel , most cruel
    strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict
    often----- oftener , oftenest / more often , most often
    friendly------ friendlier , friendliest / more friendly , most friendly
    clever----- cleverer, cleverest /  more clever , most clever

    四、下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
    empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...

  • 形容词的比较级和最高级用法:
    形容词比较等级用法:
     1.没有比较对象时,用原级。
     I have a new computer.
     2.两者比较,程度相同。
     A+系动词+as+adj.+as+B.
     Our school is as beautiful as theirs.
     3.两者比较,程度不同。
     A+系动词+not as+adj.+as+B.
     The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.
     4.A比B更…
     The earth is bigger than the moon.
     5.比较级前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any等修饰。
     Your room is much bigger than mine.
     I’m a little shorter than her.
     6.用比较级可以表示最高级含义:
     John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys.
     两者不属于同一范畴,不能用other.
     Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.
     7.“比较级+and+比较级”   表示“越来越…”
     China is becoming more and more beautiful.
     Days are getting longer and longer.
     8.用the+比较级,the+比较级  表示”越…就越…”.
     The busier he is, the happier he feels.
     9. Which/Who+is+比较级     A或B?
     A和B哪一个/谁更…?
     Which is better,this one or that one?

     最高级用法:
     表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,一个在某方面超过其他两个或多个时,用最高级,结构是
     主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of/in短语。
     This story is the most interesting of the three.
     1. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数
     它的意思是最…之一。
     English is one of the most important languages in the world.
     2. which/who…+is+形容词最高级
     “…最...”
     Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?
    3.最高级前可以用序数词
     The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

  • 形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则:

    构成 

     原级

    比较级 

    最高级 

    一般加er,est

     tall

    taller 

    tallest 

    以字母e结尾只
    加 r,st

     large

    larger 

    largest 

    以一个辅音字母结尾的
    重读闭音节,双写这一辅
    音字母后再加er,est

     red

    redder 

    reddest 

     hot

     hotter

    hottest 

     thin

     thinner

    thinnest 


    以辅音字母+y结尾的词,
    将y变为i再加er,est

    easy 

     easier

    easiest

    happy

     happier

    happiest 

     ugly

     uglier

    ugliest 

     early

     earlier

    earliest 

    其他双音节词和多
    音节词,在词前
    加more或most

     interesting

    more interesting 

    most interesting 

考点名称:实义动词的现在分词

  • 现在分词具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;
    另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。

  • 实意动词现在分词变化规则:
    ①一般情况下在动词后加ing,如:
    study—studying,work—working
    ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如:
    write—writing,move—moving
    ③以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母, 再加ing,如:
    get—getting,begin—beginning 
    ④以ie结尾的动词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如:
    lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying
    注:
    a 以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加ing,如control / controlling,
    但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ing。 
    b 名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”,“把y变成i再……”但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”。 


  • 在变为现在分词时须双写最后一个字母的常用动词有:
    begin 开始    
    cut 切割   
    dig 挖   
    drop 掉    
    forget 忘记
    get 使、得到   
    hit 击中   
    let 让   
    prefer 更喜欢 
    put 放
    run 跑      
    sit 坐    
    shop 买东西  
    stop 停止  
    swim 游泳
    refer参考

    以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,去掉y加-ies变为第三人称单数形式,加-ied变为过去式和
    过去分词的常用动词有:
    carry 携带   
    copy 抄     
    cry 哭   
    fry 油煎  
    hurry 快走
    spy 侦探    
    study 学习   
    try 试   
    tidy 整理  
    worry 担忧

考点名称:被动语态

  • 语态:
    是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
    语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
    如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
    如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

  • 被动语态的构成:
    被动语态的基本结构:
    主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
    ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
    如:Trees are planted every year.
    ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
    如:The road is being repaired. 
    ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
    如:The work has been finished.
    ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
    如:The story was told by him.
    Many birds were killed last year.
    ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
    如: The new house was being painted when I got home.
    ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
    如: He told me that the work had been finished.
    ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
    如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
    ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
    如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
    ⑨情态动词的被动语态
    情态动词+ be +过去分词    
    如:The problem must be solved soon.
    Children should be taught to love animals.

  • 被动语态使用注意:
    1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
    What will happen in 100 years.
    The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
    2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
    This pen writes well.
    This new book sells well.
    3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
    例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
    see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
    A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
    The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
    4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
    He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
    He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
    My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
    5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
    We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
    He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
    The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
    构成be+done.

  • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
    ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
    ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
    ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
    ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

    不用于被动语态的情形:
    ①不及物动词没有被动语态
    这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
    例如:A fire broke out during the night.
    ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
    这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
    例如:My shoes do not fit me.
    ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
    例如:We should help each other.

    关于主动形式表示被动意义:
    ①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
    例如:The building looks very beautiful.
    ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book sells well.
    ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
    例如:Her eyes filled with tears.
    ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。
    例如:Who is to blame?
    ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book is difficult to understand.
    ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:Do you have time to help us?
    ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。
    例如:The writing is too faint to read.
    ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
    例如:This movie is worth seeing.
    ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The house needs cleaning.

    表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
    ①It is said that...句式
    例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
    ②There is said that...句式 
    例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
    ③sb./sth.is said that...句式
    例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

  • 被动语态各时态构成 :

    时态

    被动语态 

    一般现在时

    am/is/are+过去分词

    一般过去时

    was/were+过去分词

    现在进行时

    am/is/are being+过去分词

    过去进行时

    was/were being+过去分词

    一般将来时

    will be+过去分词

    过去将来时

    would be+过去分词

    现在完成时

    have/has been+过去分词

    过去完成时

    had been+过去分词

    情态动词

    情态动词be+过去分词

  • 情态动词的被动语态:
    一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。
    初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,
    分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。

    二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
    (一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:
    Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?
    Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?
    (二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:
    Whenmustthisworkbedone?这工作必须在什么时候完成?
    Wherecanthelostbookbefound?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?
    (三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:
    Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?
    Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?
    (四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:
    Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。

    三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,
    但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:
    —Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗?
    —Yes,theyshould.是的,应在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)
    —Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?
    —Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)
    —Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗?
    —Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)

考点名称:分词

  • 分词:
    就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,
    如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。
    分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
    现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
    现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
    分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

  • 现在分词构成形式:
    ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
    ②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
    ③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
    ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
    注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
    ⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
    ⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking

    过去分词构成形式:
    1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
    (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
    work---worked---worked ,  visit---visited---visited
    (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
    live---lived---lived
    (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
    study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
    (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
    stop---stopped---stopped  ,  drop---dropped--dropped
    (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
    picnic→picnicked  ,traffic→trafficked
    2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表

  • 分词用法:
    1、分词作状语   
    分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。   
    分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
    当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
    完成或被动关系用过去分词。   
    ①现在分词:
    The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
    ②过去分词:
    Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
    Given   better attention, the plants could grow better.   

    2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构   
    现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。   
    ①现在分词:
    When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
    While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
    ②过去分词:
    Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well.   
    Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

    3、分词作定语   
    分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
    现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。    
    We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.    
    This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
    We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
    After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
    More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries   

    4、分词作宾语补足语   
    现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
    have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
    例:I see him passing my house every day.
    I caught him stealing things in that shop.
    I smelt something burning.

    5、分词作表语
    分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
    过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
    ①过去分词:
    We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
    She felt confused, and even frightened.
    ②现在分词:
    He was very amusing.
    That book was rather boring.
    很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
    exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

考点名称:过去完成时

  • 过去完成时:
    是把时间推移到过去某一时间之前,与现在不发生联系,由"had+-ed分词"构成。

  • 基本结构:
    主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)
    ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
    ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
    ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
    肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
    否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
    ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?
    ⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词+其他

    过去完成时基本用法:
    (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
    可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
    By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
    (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
    He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
    (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
    I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
    (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时
    She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
    (5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
    I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
    (6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,
    那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。
    She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
    注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
    (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
    We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。
    (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。
    It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。

  • 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别:
    现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;
    过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
    比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
    I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
    — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
    — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

    过去完成时与一般过去时的区别:
    虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
    1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
    比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
    They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
    2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
    She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
    3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
    He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

  • 语法判定:
    一、由时间状语来判定
    一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
    (1) by + 过去的时间点。如:
    I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
    (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
    We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
    (3) before + 过去的时间点。如:
    They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

    二、由“过去的过去”来判定
    过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
    (1)宾语从句中
    当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
    She said that she had seen the film before.
    (2)状语从句中
    在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
    After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
    注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
    After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
    (3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
    We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.



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