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根据要求改写下列句子,每空只填一词。1. Tom does well in English. (改为否定句)Tom _____ _____ well in English. 2. "Did you sleep well last night?" David as-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-02-28 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

根据要求改写下列句子,每空只填一词。
1. Tom does well in English. (改为否定句)
    Tom _____  _____ well in English.
2. "Did you sleep well last night?" David asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
     David asked me _____ I _____ well last night.
3. It's five-fifty by my watch. (就画线部分提问)
    _____ the ____ by your watch?
4. John will go to bed after he finishes his homework. (改为同义句)
    John _____ go to bed _____ he finishes his homework.
5. Your father had lunch at school. (改为反意疑问句)
    Your father had lunch at school, _____  _____?
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

1. doesn't do   2. if, slept   3. What's time   4. won't, until   5. didn't he

据专家权威分析,试题“根据要求改写下列句子,每空只填一词。1. Tom does well in Eng..”主要考查你对  从属连词,助动词,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,宾语从句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

从属连词助动词特殊疑问句反意疑问句宾语从句

考点名称:从属连词

  • 从属连词:
    这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的,由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

  • 从属连词可分为三大类:
    1、that (无词义,不做成分)
    if,whether (表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分)
    2、连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever, whoever, whichever(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语)
    3、连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how long,how far,however,whenever,wherever (有词义,作从句的状语)

    用法:
    从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。

    并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:
    (1) Air and water are indispensable to me.   
    (2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.   
    (3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.   

    从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:   
    (4) He said that he did not want to go .   
    (5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.   
    (6) You may come if you want to.   

    从属连词用来连接各种从句。
    until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。
    如动词是持续行动词,它要用肯定句,如:
    I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
    如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:
    He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
    由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。
    since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:
    I have studied English since 1990.
    而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:
    I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.

  • 从属连词语法分类:
    种类 语法作用 连词举例 
    从属连词 引导原因状语从句 Because, since
    引导条件状语从句 If, unless, as long as
    引导目的状语从句 So that
    引导结果状语从句 So…that
    引导方式状语从句 As, just as, as if
    引导让步状语从句 Though, although, even
    though, no matter what,
    however, no matter how,
    whoever, no matter who,
    wherever, no matter where
    引导比较状语从句 As…as, not so…as, than,
    less…than, the more…the
    more
    引导名词性从句 Who, whom, whose, which,
    that, when, where, why

考点名称:助动词

  • 助动词:
    协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。
    助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或表示疑问或否定。
    常用的助动词有:
    be,do,does,did,have,has,shall,will,would等。

  • 常见助动词用法:
    have的用法:
    have作助动词
    形式:
    主要变化形式:have,has,had
    动名词/现在分词:having
    1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例:
    He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
    By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
    上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
    2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时(现在完成时),例:
    I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
    3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态,例:
    English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。

    do的用法:
    形式
    主要变化形式:do,did,done
    动名词/现在分词:doing
    1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
    Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
    Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?
    2)do + not 构成否定句,例如:
    I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。
    He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。
    In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
    3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
    Don't go there. 不要去那里。
    Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
    说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,。
    4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
    Do come to my birthday party please.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。
    I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
    I do miss you. 我确实想你。我真想你了!
    5)用于倒装句,例如:
    Never did I hear of such a thing.
    我从未听说过这样的事情。
    Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
    只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
    说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
    6)用作代替动词,例如:
    Do you like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗?
    Yes,I do.是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
    He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?他知道如何开车,对吧?

    may和can:
    1) may用来表示许可
    2)may用于所有人称的现在时及将来时句子中。
    3)might用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
    否定形式:may not/mayn't,might not/mightn't
    疑问式:may I?might I?等
    否定疑问式:may I not?/mayn't I?等
    表示许可的may的其他形式可用allow,be allowed的相应形式代替。
    4)may后面接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)。
    5)can用来表示许可
    6)can用于所有人称的现在时及将来时的句子中。
    7)could用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
    否定式:can not/can't,could not/could't
    疑问式:can I?could I?等。
    否定疑问式:can I not?/can't I?could I not?/couldn't I?等。
    表示许可的can的其他形式可用于allow,be allowde的相应形式代替。
    can与不带to的不定式连用。

    shall和will的用法:
    1)shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
    I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。
    He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
    说明:
    在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。
    现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
    He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)
    He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
    2)shall在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿
    shall I turn on the light?
    要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?)
    shall he come to see you?
    他要不要来看你
    (比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你)
    3)shall 用在陈述句,与第二第三人称连用,变为情态动词,表示允诺,命令,警告,和说话人的决心等。

    should,would的用法:
    1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:
    I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
    我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。
    比较:
    "What shall I do next week?" I asked.
    "我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说,shall变成直接引语时,变成了should。)
    2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:
    He said he would come.他说他要来。
    比较:
    "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。"
    变成间接引语,就成了:
    He said he would come.
    原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。过去式从原来的go变为came。

  • 基本助动词只有三个:
    be, do,have,他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。
    例如:
    He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告
    He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划
    The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。
    助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
    a. 表示时态,例如:
    He is singing. 他在唱歌。
    He has got married. 他已结婚。
    b. 表示语态,例如:
    He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
    c. 构成疑问句,例如:
    Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
    Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
    d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
    I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
    e. 加强语气,例如:
    Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
    He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

考点名称:特殊疑问句

  • 特殊疑问句:
    以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
    常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。
    特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。
    其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。 
    例如:How do I get there? 
                Why not? 
                What about the sports news?

  • 常用疑问词可先分为3种:
    疑问代词:
    what(什么)
    who(谁,作主语)
    which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)
    whose(谁的,指附属关系)
    whom(谁,作宾语)

    疑问副词:
    when(何时,询问时间)
    where(何地,询问地点)
    why(为什么,询问原因)
    how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)

    疑问形容词:
    what(which,whose)+名词
    例词:
    what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...
    how much(多少) how long(多长)...

  • 特殊疑问句的特点:
    一、 特殊的疑问词:
    特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。
    我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如:
    —What is this? 这是什么?
    —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。
    —How much is it? 这个多少钱?
    —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。
    —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?
    —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。

    二、特殊的语序:
    特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:
    What time is it? 现在几点钟?
    Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?
    特殊疑问句有两种语序:
    1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:
    Who is singing in the room﹖
    whose bike is broken﹖
    2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:
    特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)
    What does she like?
    What class are you in﹖
    Where are you from﹖
    What time does he get up every morning﹖
    How do you know﹖
     
    三、特殊的答语:
    特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如:
    — What time is it, please? 请问几点了?
    — It's 7:30. 七点半了。
    — Where are they? 他们在哪儿?
    —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。
    —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?
    —English. 英语。

    四、 特殊的语调:
    一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:
    Who's ↘that?
    How old is↘Jack?

考点名称:反意疑问句

  • 反义疑问句:
    表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
    反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
    1. 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否。 
    2. 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯。
    例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 
                   This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
    速记:
    前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前无be后加助,时态一致。

  • 反意疑问句的回答
    前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:
    (1)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?
    Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努力
    (2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
    Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他们工作不努力

    否定反义疑问句的回答
    当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
    "It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。”
    "He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。”
    此时,"Yes"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定。

    回答反义疑问句的原则
    回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,
    如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。
    但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
    “It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
    上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."
    由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

    口诀:
    反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。
    前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。
    主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。
    实际情况来回答,再把yes和no拣。
    综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。
    对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。
    要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
    例:
    —He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?
    —Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
    —His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
    —Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。

  • 快速记忆表:
    陈述部分的谓语   疑问部分
    I/主语   aren't I / are I
    no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词   肯定含义
    含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为肯定含义   否定含义
    ought to(肯定的)   shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
    have to+v.(had to+v.)   don't +主语(didn't +主语)
    used to+v.   didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
    had better + v.   hadn't you
    would rather + v.   wouldn't +主语
    you'd like to + v.   wouldn't +主语
    must   根据实际情况而定
    感叹句   be +主语
    指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this   主语用it
    并列复合句   谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
    定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句   根据主句的谓语而定
    think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导   与宾语从句相对应的从句
    everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one   复数they, 单数he
    情态动词dare或need   need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主语
    dare, need 为实义动词   do/don't +主语
    省去主语的祈使句   will/won't you?
    Let's 开头的祈使句   Shall we?
    Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?
    there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
    否定前缀不能视为否定词   仍用否定形式.

  • 反意疑问句19条:
    1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
    I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
    2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
    I wish to have a word with you, may I?
    3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
    The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
    Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
    4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
    He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
    5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
    We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
    6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
    He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
    7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
    You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
    8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
    He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
    9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
    You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
    10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
    He must be a doctor, isn't he?
    You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
    He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
    11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用用否定的助动词加sb/sth?如:
    1)What a fine day it is today!
    What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?
    2)How fast he runs!
    How fast he runs,doesn”t he?
    3)What a long time we have been waiting!
    What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?
    12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
    Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
    13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
    Everything is ready, isn't it?
    14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
    a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
    Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
    b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
    He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
    He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
    c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
    I don't think he is bright, is he?
    We believe she can do it better, can't she?
    15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
    Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
    Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
    16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
    We need not do it again, need we ?
    He dare not say so, dare you?
    当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
    She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
    17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
    Don't do that again, will you?
    Go with me, will you / won't you ?
    注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
    Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
    Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
    Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
    18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
    There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
    There will not be any trouble, will there?
    19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
    It is impossible, isn't it?
    He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
    有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等,它们的过去时与原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它们是什么时态.

  • 英语18种特殊的反意疑问句:
    1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表
    示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:    
    Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?   
    Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况:   
    1) Let's...后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:   
    Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?    
    还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。   
    2) Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:    
    Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?   
    2. 感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。 例如:   
    What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?    
    3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问 句需用do的适当形式。例如:   
    He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要帮助,是吗?    
    4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:   
    I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗?   
    5. 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:    
    Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?   
    6. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。 例如:   
    Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?   
    No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?   
    7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。 例如:   
    This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?   
    These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?   
    8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:   
    One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?   
    9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not,  no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 例如:    
    He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?   
    10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:   
       It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?   
    11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:   
    You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?   
    12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。  例如:   
    What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?   
    13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:   
    I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?   
    14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:   
    They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?   
    15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:   
    You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?   
    16. 陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:   
    There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?   
    17. 陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。 例如:   
    We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
    18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;
    而当must作推测意义“一定 是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:    
    He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?   
    Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?

考点名称:宾语从句

  • 宾语从句:
    在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
    宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
    宾语从句连接代词主要有:
    who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。

  • 宾语从句的特点:
    1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
    2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
    3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
    4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
    5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.

    宾语从句的时态:
    1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
    例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
    2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
    例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
    3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
    例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
    4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。 

    宾语从句的语序:
    A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。   
    False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.   
    Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
    B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。    
    Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.   
    Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.  
    C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
    Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.   
    Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. 
    D.  主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态。
    False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.   
    Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner

    宾语从句的否定转移:
    主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。
    并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
    I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
    我认为他不会来我的舞会.
    I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
    我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
    如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
    We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
    我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?

  • 宾语从句中引导词的用法比较
    在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
    连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
    代词:who, whose, what ,which
    副词:when ,where, how, why 等。

    (一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
    1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
    say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
    例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
    注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
    例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

    2.在以下情况中that不能省略
    a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
    例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
    b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
    例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
    c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
    例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.
    d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
    例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

    (二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
    1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
    一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
    例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

    2.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
    a.在带to的不定式前
    例句:We decided whether to walk there.
    b.在介词的后面
    例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
    c.在动词后面的宾语从句时
    例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
    d.直接与or not连用时
    例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

    3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
    a.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
    例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
    b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
    例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
    c.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
    例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

    if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
    a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
    b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. 
    c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
    d.在不定式前只能用whether.
    (如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
    e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.

    (三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
    这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
    用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
    1.英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
    例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
    2.英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
    例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  • 简化宾语从句常用六法:
    方法一:
    当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,
    且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
    例如:
    Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
    →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
    We decided that we would help him.
    →We decided to help him.

    方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,
    且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
    She has forgotten how she can open the window.
    →She has forgotten how to open the window.
    注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,
    且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
    Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
    →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

    方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,
    如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:
    The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
    → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

    方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:
    He insisted that he should go with us.
    →He insisted on going with us.
    The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
    →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

    方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:
    Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
    → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

    方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:
    It seemed that the boys were going to win.
    →The boys seemed to win.
    除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:
    I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
    →I found it difficult to learn English well.
    Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
    →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
    They found that the box was very heavy.
    →They found the box very heavy

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