可数名词与不可数名词区别: 可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西; 因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 例如:Little children are fond of stories .小孩子们喜欢听故事。 Movie stars are usually popular with young people. 影星们常受到年青人的欢迎。 它的单数形式前常用不定冠词a / an , 当它的单数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用单数形式。 例如:There is an orange on the table .桌上有只桔子。 A university is a higher educational institution .大学是高等教育机构。
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西; 它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个名词短语连用,相当于中文里的【一 +(量词)+ 名词】,其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。 例如: a piece of bread【 cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) 】 一块面包【 一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、…… 】 an item of information 一则情报 a burst of applause 一阵掌声 a fit of anger 一顿脾气 a slip of paper 一张纸条 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 它在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也只用单数形式。 例如: Water is a liquid .水是液体。 Wealth doesn't mean happiness .富有并不意味幸福。
量词: 用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词。 如:a bottle / glass of,a cup of,a piece of,a pair of
量词词组特点: 特点一: 英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。 1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如: a couple of(两个、一对) a couple of days, a couple of players, a couple of times; a cupful of(一满杯) a cupful of jelly, a cupful of water; a portion of(一份/客) a portion of duck, a portion of roast beef. 2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如: a majority of(大多数/大半) a majority of opinions,a majority of votes; an atom of(一点) an atom of food,an atom of truth; a spell of(一阵/一段时间) a spell of fine weather, a spell of coughing. 3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如: a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇), a flood of tears(泪如泉涌); a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土), a heap of customers(许多顾客); a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑), a mountain of difficulties(困难重重). 4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如: a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度), a drop of dew(一点露水); a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情), a particle of dust(一点灰尘); a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑), a shadow of freedom(一点自由).
特点二: 有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。 1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如: a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语), a bit of good advice(一些好意见), a bit of interest(一点兴趣), a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据), a shred of cloth(少量布), a shred of reputation(一点声誉), a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)。 2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如: a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花), a cluster of spectators(一群观众), a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星), a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子), a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂), a string of excuses(一连串借口), a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子), a scram of geese(一群鹅), a scram of children(一群孩子) 3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如: a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂), a body of cold air(一股冷空气), a body of facts(许多事实), a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰), a block of flats(一幢公寓), a block of houses(一排房子), a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法), a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)。
特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。 1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如: a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒), a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油), a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋), a basket of apples(一篮苹果), a line of—a line of trees(一行树), a line of poetry(一行诗)。 2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如: a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸), a piece of furniture(一件家具), a piece of equipment(一台设备), a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒), a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判), a round of toast(一片烤面包) a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力), a bar of soap(一条肥皂), a bar of light(一束光)。
常见量词词组: 1. 一般性的表示个数的量词: 这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之。比如: piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc. 一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等 bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等 item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等 article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等 2. 以形状表示个数的量词: bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖 bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙 cake a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰 cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物 comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉 drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血 ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子 flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀 flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩 head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊 lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土 spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香 slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉 swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂 bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士 gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友 clump a clump of trees一丛树林 pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼 3. 表示容积的词: bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒 bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥 pail a pail of water 一桶水 glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 cup a cup of tea 一杯茶 handful a handful of soil 一抔土 spoonful a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油 mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪 truckload a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材 a packet of cigarette一包烟 4. 表示行为动态的量词: fit a fit of laughter 一阵笑声 peal a peal of thunder 一阵雷声 flash a flash of light 一道闪电 display a display of force 一番武力展示