1. Let's go in a trip to Guilin. 2. May I invited a kite in the park? 3. at the morning on Jan 10th 4. How far is it to Beijing from Canada? 5. I want to go on Jiuzhaigou.
题型:改错题 难度:中档
答案
1. in-on 2. invited-invite 3. at-in 4. to Beijing from-from Beijing to 5. on-to
动词短语的搭配类型: 动词+副词 1)作及物动词,例: He brought up his children strictly. 从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况: 宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。 2)作不及物动词,例: Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear) 3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例: The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。 动词短语的及物性与不及物性主要取决于动词短语的意思。
动词+介词 动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例: I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like) 动词+副词+介词 在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。 它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)
动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例: Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)
动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,例: Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
be+形容词+介词 be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,例: I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
小学阶段出现的一些动词短语: do homework 做作业 watch T.V. 看电视 read books 读书 cook the meals 做饭 water the flowers 浇花 sweep the floor 扫地 clean the bedroom 打扫卧室 make a bed 铺床 set the table 摆饭桌 wash the clothes 洗衣服 wash the dishes 洗碗碟 use a computer 使用计算机 do morning exercises 晨练;做广播体操 eat breakfast 吃早饭 eat dinner 吃晚饭 go to school 上学 have an English class 上英语课 play sports 进行体育运动 get up 起床 climb mountain 爬山 go shopping 买东西 play the piano 弹钢琴 visit grandparents 看望外祖父母 go hiking 去远足 fly kites 放风筝 make a snowman 堆雪人 plant trees 种树 draw pictures 画画 cook dinner 做饭 read a book 看书 answer the phone 接电话 listen to music 听音乐 clean the room 打扫房间 write a letter 写信 write an e-mail 写电子邮件 drink water 喝水 take pictures 照相 watch insects 观察昆虫 pick up leaves 采摘树叶 do an experiment 做实验 catch butterflies 捕捉蝴蝶 count insects 数昆虫 collect insects 收集昆虫 collect leaves 收集树叶 write a report 写报告 play chess 下棋 have a picnic 举行野餐 get to 到达 ride a bike 骑自行车 play the violin 拉小提琴 make kites 制作风筝 collect stamps 收集邮票 wake up 醒来 put on 穿上 take off 脱掉 hang up 挂起 go home 回家 go to bed 上床睡觉 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 do housework 做家务 empty the trash 倒垃圾 put away the clothes 收拾衣服 get off下车 take a trip 去旅行 read a magazine 阅读杂志 go to the cinema 去看电影 eat good food 吃好东西
常见类型: 1、介词+名词形式: of course当然,自然,无疑 ;in detail详细地 ;on duty值班,上班 2、动词+名词形式: take care小心,当心 ;tak ecare of照顾,照料 ;take place发生,进行 3、动词+介词形式: ask for请求,要求 ;arrive at达成,得出 ; call for邀请,要求,需求 4、动词+副词形式: come up走近,上来,发生,被提出 ; get in进入,收获,收集
小学常见介词短语: 1. wait for 等候 Wait for me. I want to go shopping with you. 2. help ---with--- 帮------干------ I can help my mom with some housework. 3. at home 在家 He was not at home yesterday. 4. hold on 保持,别挂机 Hold on, please. He’s writing an e-mail in the study.. 5. on foot 步行 I go to school on foot. 6. get to 到达 I usually get to school at 8:00 am. 7. get on 上车 Get on the No. 28 bus when it stops. 8. get off 下车 Get off at the third station. 9. turn on 打开 It’s dark in the room. Please turn on the light. 10.turn off 关闭 We should turn off the light before we leave. 11. on holiday 度假 My family are going to Canada on holiday. 12. play with (与)------玩 I can play with the snow in winter. 13. a glass of 一杯 There is a glass of water on the desk. 14. put on 穿上 It’s cold today. Put on your sweater please. 15. take off 脱下 It’s hot now. Take off your coat. 16. put away 放好 Put away your books. We are going to have a P.E class. 17. look for 寻找 I am looking for my dog. 18. on time 准时 I get to school on time every day. 19. in time 及时 The man fell down. The doctors came in time. 20. go on a trip 去旅行 We are going on a trip tomorrow. 21. at night 在深夜 The policeman usually works at night. 22. be grateful to 感激某人 I am very grateful to my mother. 23. listen to 听------ I like listening to music. 24. pass ---to--- 给------传递------ He passes the ball to Mike. 25. fly into 飞进------ The ball flies into John’s face. 26. run into 跑进…… I run into the hotel. 27. what for 为什么 But what for? 28. come on 加油! Come on!
介词分类: 一、表示地点位置的介词 (1)at, in, on, to, for at 表示在小地方;表示“在……附近,旁边”。 in 表示在大地方;表示“在……范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”。 (2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对; over 指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。 例:The bird is flying above my head. 小鸟在我的头上飞。 There is a bridge over the river. 在河上有一座桥。 He put his watch on the desk.他把他的表放在了桌子上。 (3)below, under在……下面 under 表示在……正下方 below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方 例:There is a cat under the table. 桌子底下有一只猫。 Please write your name below the line. 请在横线下写上你的名字。 (4)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面
二、表示时间的介词 (1)in,on,at在……时 A、in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 如:inthe1950s, in1989, insummer, inJanuary, inthemorning等。 B、on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如:on May 1st, on Monday, onNew Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 C、at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。 如:at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。 (2)after在……之后 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
三、其它常用介词 (1)about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。 (2)across横过,对面,交叉,在……的对面 Can you swim across the river? 你能游过河吗? We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。 (3)along沿着,顺着. They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 (4)by 被……,在……的近旁,在……之前,不迟于,以……为手段。 The class room was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。 (5)for为……,因为……,至于……。 He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。 She came back to the classroom for she had lef the books in the class room. 她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。 (6)from从……,来自……,因为…… Where are you from? 你是哪里人? He diedf rom an accident. 他死于一场事故。 (7)of……的,属于…… This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。 (8)with使用、和……在一起 We write with a pen. 我们用笔写字。 Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗? 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.
小学常见介词: 1.on (1) 在------上面 The book is on the desk. (2) 在------(哪一天/星期)What do you do on Wednesday? (3) 在------(月、日)My birthday is on August 2nd. 2. in (1)在------里面 The pens are in the pencil-box. (2)在------(哪一年/月)His birthday is in October. He worked here in 1992. (3 ) 在------(地方) He works in Dongguan. (4 ) 在------之内 What are you going to do in 20 years? (5 ) 在------(早上、下午、晚上) I do morning exercises in the morning every day. I usually play basketball in the afternoon. I often do my homework in the evening. 3. under 在------底下 There is a ball under the bed. 4. near 在------附近 There is a book shop near our school. 5. in front of 在------前面 A boy is standing in front of the house. 6. beside 在------旁边 A football is beside the door. 7. next to 紧挨着 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School. 8. over 在------正上方 A bridge is over the river. 9. on the left 在------左边 The bookstore is on the left. 10. on the right 在------右边 The hospital is on the right. 11. before 在……之前 Mike sits before me. 12. after 在------以后 He went home after school. 13. in the middle 在------中间 The road is in the middle. 14. at (1) 在------(小地方) I am at school today. I was at home yesterday. (2) 在------(点钟) I usually go to school at 8:00 am. (3)看一看 Look at the blackboard. (4) 在中午 at noon 15. behind 在------后面 There is a broom behind the door. 16.for (1)给 This present is for you. (2)为了 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo. (3)作为 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch. 17.to (1) 到 Take your sport shoes to the P.E class. (2) 致 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend. 18. from 来自 I am from China. = I come from China. 19. from --- to 从------到------ Line up from shorter to taller. We have class from Monday to Friday. 20. of ------的 He is a student of Kama School. 21. by (1)在------之前 We must be at home by 6 o’clock. (2)乘------交通工具 People can go to the moon by spaceship. I go to school by bus. 22.with (1) 用 I write a letter with a pen. (2) 和------一起 He went to Shenzhen with his parents. 23. between 在------与------之间 There is a football match between Class One and Class Three. 24. into 到------里 Sharks can dive into the deep cold water. 25. like (1)象------ The twins are like their father. (2)长相------怎样? What’s he like? 26. up 向上 Put up your hands if you have any questions. 27. down 向下 Put down all the books here. 28. about (1) 大约;关于 It’s about 6:00 now. (2) ------怎么样? What about---? How about---? 29. what for 为什么 But what for?
情态动词: 是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)…… ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,will ③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to,ought to ④情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must一肯,can not一否,may,might,could,三不定。) 注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。 常用的有:can may could must have use .(can,may,must,should,need) 例:Kate can swim. 凯特会游泳。 May I borrow your dictionary, Ann? 安,我可以借用你的字典吗? Shall we meet at seven o’clock tomorrow? 我们明天七点见面怎么样?
比较can 和be able to: 1.can/could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。 be able to可以用于各种时态。例如: They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2.只用be able to的情况: a.位于助动词后。 b.情态动词后。 c.表示过去某时刻动作时。 d.用于句首表示条件。 e.表示成功地做了某事时,用was/were able to,不能用could。例如: He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。 注意:could有时不表示时态 1.提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如: Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗? Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。 2.在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如: He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might: 1.表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。例如: May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你! He might be at home. 他可能在家。 注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态,只是可能性比may 小。 2.成语:may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。例如: If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此,我们不妨试一试。
比较have to和must: 1.两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如: My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) 2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如: He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。 3.否定结构中:don't have to表示"不必",mustn't表示"禁止"。例如: You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。
比较shall和should: 1).shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2).shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 ①. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告) ②. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) ③. He shall be punished.(威胁)
will和would的用法: 1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如: Would you pass me the book? 2.表示意志、愿望和决心。如: I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again. 3.用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。 前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如: This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. 4.will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。 Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(习惯) Will you help me with my English?(请求) The door won't open. (固有性质) 5.Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如: The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week。 6.表料想或猜想。如: It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it.
情态动词表示推测的用法: can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下: 1)情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。例如: I don't know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿,可能在武汉。
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如: At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测。例如: The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如: Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't,couldn't表示。例如: Mike can't have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。 注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,may。