—That is the mansaved ten children in the earthquake.— How brave he is! [ ]A.who B.which C.where D.what -九年级英语-00教育-零零教育信息网

—That is the mansaved ten children in the earthquake.— How brave he is! [ ]A.who B.which C.where D.what -九年级英语

首页 > 考试 > 英语 > 初中英语 > 关系代词/2019-12-11 / 加入收藏 / 阅读 [打印]

（3）当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。
I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.
注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

关系代词不能省略情况：
1.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
2.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
3.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)
4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.

关系代词格式：
关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广，that可指人也可指物。
见表：

	限定性指人	非限定性指物	限定性指人或指物
主格	who	which	that
宾格	whom	that	that
属格	whose	of which whose	of which whose

特殊关系代词的用法：
关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。
三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。
这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。
一、 as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。
这时, as前面通常要有名词;
as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;
as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1. the same ... as
1) as在从句中作主语
　　She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
　　4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
　　You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
2. such ... as
　　1) as在从句中作主语
　　Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。
3. as ... as
　　1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
　　He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。
　　2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
　　I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。
　　3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

二、than作为准关系词出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
　　1. than在从句中作主语
　　Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。
　　2. than在从句中作宾语
　　I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。
　　3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
　　He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。
三、but作为准关系词本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。
　　1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
　　There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?
　　2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
　　There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?
　　3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
　　There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。
四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子
　　He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略
　　I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

考点名称：定语从句

定语从句：
担任定语动能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一部分。
定语从句的分类：
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．
正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。
［注意点］
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：
The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。