Since you won’t help me ，I’ll ask someone else.
你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
(4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句
now(that)“因为；既然”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。如：
Now(that) you?蒺ve passed your test you can drive on your own.
你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
I do remember，now (that) you mention it.
你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。
(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
Seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。如：
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.
天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。
Seeing that he’ s ill，he’s unlikely to come.
(6) in that引导的原因状语从句
in that“因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。如：
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。

状语从句 - 目的状语从句
 (1) in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。如：
You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
专家讲得很慢，以便人人听得懂。
(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that“为了；以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
她要七点钟备好茶点，这样她八点以前就可以出门了。
(3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。
in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；
for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；
lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。如：
Take your umbrella with you，lest it should rain.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.
他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
状语从句 - 结果状语从句
(1) so that引导的结果状语从句
① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。如：
Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
②“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。
究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。
若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。如：
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train.
他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。(结果状语从句)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.
他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)
(2) so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that“如此……以致”，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.
现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
(3) such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。
其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如：
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese.
那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
(＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.)
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
(4) such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为“主—系—表”句型。如：
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.
爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
他气得不能克制自己的感情。

状语从句 - 条件状语从句 
(1) if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见“虚拟语气”)和真实条件状语从句。如：
If he said that，he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
(2) unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。如：
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
(3) if only引导的条件状语从句
if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要；如果”。如:
I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition.
只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
(4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我们就能玩。
(5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果；只要”。如：
I will agree to go provided’ providing (that my expense are paid.)
假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
状语从句 - 让步状语从句
(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。
如果要强调“但是”语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
(2) even if引导的让步状语从句
even if “即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：
Even if it rains tomorrow，we won’t change our plan.
即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.
即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
(3) even though引导的让步状语从句
even though“虽然，尽管”，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。如：
Even though I didn’t understand a word，I kept smiling.
即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you say so，I do not believe it.
即使你这样说，我也不信。
(4) much as引导的让步状语从句
much as“虽然，尽管”，通常可以和although/though换用：
Much as I’d like to，I can’t come.
我虽然很想来，但是来不了。
Much as I admire his courage，I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
(5) while引导的让步状语从句
while“虽然，尽管”，多用于正式文体，通常可换作although/though。如：
While I understand your point of view，I do not share it.
我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize，I really can’t do very much to help.
虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
(6) whatever/No matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作“无论什么”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Whatever/No matter what he says，don’t go.
不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task，whatever/no matter what happens.
不管发生什么了，我们决心完成任务。
(7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作“无论哪个”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purseBarbara was determined to find them.