写出下列单词的正确形式。1.InZhangPeng'sclass, everystudent(have) apenpal.2.MissWhite(help)themtosendlettersonceaweek.3.They(live)nexttoahospital.4.Whyyou-六年级英语

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英语中的及物动词有:interest,worry,guss,please,surprise,love等
例如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

不及物动词:

本身意义完整,后面不用跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

兼作及物动词和不及物动词:
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

与汉语的比较
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法完全不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可以省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

  • 特殊实义动词:
    英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如
    close, begin, study, leave, work等。
    ①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。
    ②Close the window,please.请关窗。
    ③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?
    ④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。
    ⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。
    ⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?
    ⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。
    ⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。
    ⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。
    ⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。

  • 考点名称:助动词

    • 助动词:
      协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词,被协助的动词称作主要动词。
      构成时态和语态:助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,
      例如:Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

    • 小学涉及到的助动词主要是do,以及它的两种时态:does和did。
      例:Does he work in the factory? 他是在这个工厂工作吗? 
          Do you have a pen? 你有一支钢笔吗? 
          He didn’t go to school yesterday. 他昨天没有去上学。

      助动词do 的用法:

      1)构成一般疑问句,例如:
      Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?
      Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?
      2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
      I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
      He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
      In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
      3)构成否定祈使句,例如:
      Don't go there. 不要去那里。
      Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
      说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。
      4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
      Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
      I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
      I do miss you. 我确实想你。
      5) 用于倒装句,例如:
      Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
      Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
      只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
      说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
      6)用作代动词,例如:
      ---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?
      ---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
      He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
      他知道如何开车,对吧?

    • 基本助动词:
      be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。
      例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告
      He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划
      The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。

      助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
      a. 表示时态,例如:
      He is singing. 他在唱歌。
      He has got married. 他已结婚。
      b. 表示语态,例如:
      He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
      c. 构成疑问句,例如:
      Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
      Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
      d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
      I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
      e. 加强语气,例如:
      Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
      He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

    考点名称:否定句

    • 否定句:
      表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
      否定句的构成形式:
      a. 谓语为be动词时,“be+not "一名学生。
      b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时,“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
      例:I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
            He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
      c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时,“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
      例:You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
             I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。

    • 否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类:
      (1)一般否定句
      I don't know this. No news is good news.
      There is no person(smoking)/not a person/not any person(smoking)in the house.
      (2)特指否定
      He went to his office, not to see him.
      I am sorry for not coming on time.
      I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
      (3)部分否定
      All the answers are not right
      All is not gold that glitters
      I don't know all of them.
      I can't see everybody/everything.
      Both of them are not right.
      (4)全体否定
      None of my friends smoke.
      I can see nothing/nobody.
      Neither of them is right.
      Nothing can be so simple as this.
      (5)延续否定
      You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
      You don't know, I don't know either.
      He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of(更不用说)French.
      (6)半否定句
      We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
      I know little English. I saw few people.
      (7)双重否定
      You can't make something out of nothing.
      What's done cannot be undone.
      There is no sweet without sweat.
      No gain without pains.
      I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
      No man is so old but(that)he can learn.
      (8)排除否定
      Everyone is ready except you.
      He did nothing but play.
      But for your help, I couldn't do it.
      (9)加强否定
      I won't do it at all.
      I can't see it any more.
      He is no longer a boy.

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