用所给词的正确形式填空。1. They work out the difficult maths problem all by _____ (oneself) today.2. What would you do if you _____ (win) a scholarship?3. I-九年级英语

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从句:If 主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg:
1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
主句:主语+should+do 
从句:
①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
eg:
1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)
3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小)
4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
eg:
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。eg:
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等  
eg:
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
eg:If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。

  • 虚拟语气的其他用法:
    1、一想要( desire )
    一宁愿( prefer )
    一坚持( insist )
    二命令( order , command )
    三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)
    四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中,
    无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
    eg:
    He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg:
    He insists he is a student.
    他坚持说他是个学生。
    这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
    suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
    eg:
    His face suggests that he looks worried .
    他的表情暗含着他很担心。
    这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
    2、表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如:
    necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
    句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。
    eg:
    Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
    It is strange that such a person should be our friend.
    奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。
    注:这一点还没有准确的说法,希望善心人能把这点补充完全。
    3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,表示与现在相反的情况;
    从句用过去完成时,表示与过去相反的情况,类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
    eg:
    Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
    即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)
    Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
    即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
    4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:指现在或将来:may +do。
    eg:
    We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
    不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。
    We will find him wherever he may be.
    无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。
    I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
    不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。
    指过去:may +have done 。
    eg:
    You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
    不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。
    We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
    不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
    5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
    过去 had + done 
    现在 过去时(be 用were )
    将来 过去时(be 用were ) (would rather 将来情况用一般过去时)
    eg:
    I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
    我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
    I'd rather you were here now.
    我倒想你现在在这儿。
    We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
    我们倒想你明天去那儿
    注:注意would rather,had rather,would sooner的细微差别,可以百度一下查查。
    6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:
    It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(优先使用动词过去式) ,即从句用虚拟过去式。
    It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
    我该去学校接我的女儿了。
    It is high time you should go to work.
    你早该上班了。
    7、 简单句中的虚拟语气
    (1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。
    eg:
    Would you mind me shutting the door?
    你介意我把门关起来吗?
    You should always learn this lesson by heart.
    你要把这个教训牢记于心。
    I should agree with you.
    我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)
    (2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ do。
    eg:
    May you have a good journey!
    祝你一路顺风。
    May your youth last forever!
    祝你青春永驻。
    (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。
    eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。
    (4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
    ① 提出请求或邀请。eg:
    Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
    今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
    Could I use your bike now?
    我可以用一下你的单车吗?
    ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg:
    I should be glad to meet you.
    见到你我会很高兴。
    I would try my best to help you.
    我会尽力帮助你。
    ③提出劝告或建议。eg:
    You'd better ask your father first.
    你最好先问一问你的父亲。
    You should make a full investigation of it first.
    你应该先全面调查一番。
    ④ 提出问题。eg:
    Do you think he could get here on time
    你认为他能按时来吗?
    Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
    你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
    ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have done。

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