题文

用动词的适当形式填空。

1. She likes musicians who               (write) their own lyrics. 2. I prefer singing to _______(dance). 3. The boy _______(see) to play basketball just now. 4. Would you mind my_______(close) the window? 5. Be sure              (see) this exhibition at the Lido Gallery.

题型：填空题  难度：中档

答案

1. write   2.dancing      3. was seen   4. closing     5. to see

据专家权威分析，试题“用动词的适当形式填空。1. She likes musicians who (write) th..”主要考查你对  实义动词，被动语态，不定式，动名词  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

实义动词被动语态不定式动名词

考点名称：实义动词

• 实意动词：
  即行为动词，表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的，能独立用作谓语。
  它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种：
  及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；
  不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。

• 实意动词使用方法：
  及物动词
  后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如：
  I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
  “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”
  Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
  Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
  
  不及物动词
  本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：
  Birds fly.鸟会飞。
  It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
  My watch stopped.我的表停了。
  She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
  
  兼作及物动词和不及物动词
  英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况
  a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
  Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
  She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
  When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)
  They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
  b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：
  Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
  Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

• 英汉实意动词用法比较：
  与汉语的比较，有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：
  a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：
  We arrived at the railway station at noon.
  我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)
  (比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)
  Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
  每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)
  (比较：We all heard the lecture.)
  Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
  
  b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。
  Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
  我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
  用于be动词之后，实义动词之前。

•  实意动词的用法：
  肯定句：
  主语+动词过去式+其它
  否定句：
  主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他
  一般过去式：
  Did+主语+动词原型+其他

考点名称：被动语态

• 语态：
  是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
  语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
  如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
  如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

• 被动语态的构成:
  被动语态的基本结构：
  主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
  ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
  如：Trees are planted every year.
  ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
  如：The road is being repaired. 
  ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
  如：The work has been finished.
  ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
  如：The story was told by him.
  Many birds were killed last year.
  ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
  如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
  ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
  如： He told me that the work had been finished.
  ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
  如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
  ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
  如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
  ⑨情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词+ be +过去分词    
  如：The problem must be solved soon.
  Children should be taught to love animals.

• 被动语态使用注意:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......
  What will happen in 100 years.
  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....
  This pen writes well.
  This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
  例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
  构成be+done.

• 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
  ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语