题文

阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分） We’ve all heard of mermaids. They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures(生物). They have the head and body of a human and the tail of a fish. We also know that mermaids only exist in fairy tales. But where did all the stories about these creatures come from? If you have ever seen a manatee, then you might have an idea. Manatees, which are also called sea cows, are mammals(哺乳动物) that live in the sea. Since they are mammals, they have to swim up to the surface to breathe air. Many people believe that the story of the mermaid began with the ancient sailors who saw the manatees putting their heads out of the water to breathe. Because manatees are upright when they do this, it looks like they are standing. If a sailor saw a manatee doing this from far away across the sea, it is possible that the sailor would mistake the manatee for a creature that is half-human, half-fish. Mermaids are described as having very long hair. This is probably because manatees like to swim up to the surface of the water in areas where there is sea grass. Manatees eat all kinds of plants in the sea, including sea grass. The sea grass around the manatee’s head when they eat could create a picture of long hair. Manatees also have powerful tails that are very similar to the fish-like tail of a mermaid. The sailors probably watched manatees come up for air and then swim back below the surface, using their paddle-shaped tails. This would explain why the sailors thought mermaids had fish-like tails. 小题1:What are mermaids? 小题2:Where do manatees live? 小题3:Do manatees need to breathe air out of water? 小题4:What do manatees eat? 小题5:Why did the ancient sailors mistake manatees for mermaids?

题型：阅读理解  难度：中档

答案

小题1:They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures. 小题2:In the sea. 小题3:Yes. 小题4:They eat all kinds of plants in the sea. 小题5:When manatees were seen from distance, their heads looked human-like, the sea grass around their heads looked like long hair, and they swam with their paddle-shaped tails.

试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了传说中的美人鱼有人类的头和身体,一条鱼样的尾巴。许多人认为这实际上是古代水手误把海牛看做了美人鱼。 小题1:根据第一段We’ve all heard of mermaids. They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures(生物).可知美人鱼是什么样子的，故填They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures. 小题2:根据第二段Manatees, which are also called sea cows, are mammals(哺乳动物) that live in the sea. 可知海牛生活在海里，故填In the sea. 小题3:根据第二段Since they are mammals, they have to swim up to the surface to breathe air.可知海牛要到水面呼吸，故填Yes. 小题4:根据第三段Manatees eat all kinds of plants in the sea, including sea grass.可知海牛吃海里的各种植物，故填They eat all kinds of plants in the sea. 小题5:根据第二段If a sailor saw a manatee doing this from far away across the sea, it is possible that the sailor would mistake the manatee for a creature that is half-human,half-fish.第三段This is probably because manatees like to swim up to the surface of the water in areas where there is sea grass. 第四段The sailors probably watched manatees come up for air and then swim back below the surface, using their paddle-shaped tails.描述，故填 manatees were seen from distance, their heads looked human-like, the sea grass around their heads looked like long hair, and they swam with their paddle-shaped tails.

据专家权威分析，试题“阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）We’ve al..”主要考查你对  健康环保类阅读，科教类阅读  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

健康环保类阅读科教类阅读

考点名称：健康环保类阅读

• 健康环保类阅读：
  本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题。
  体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。

• 健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧：
  应试生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破——归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。
  1.归纳主旨大意：
  (1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。
  主题句通常有这样的特点：
  ①有一个话题(topic)；
  ②有阐述控制性概念，偶尔也可在一段中间；
  ③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。
  (2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。
  应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。
  (3)典型错误：
  ①忽视文章的结构；
  ②混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别；
  ③忽视文章表意的倾向性；
  ④漏掉了主要的特征词。
  
  2.正确推理判断：
  推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。
  (1)数据推断题
  解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。
  (2)知识推断题
  根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
  (3)逻辑结论推断题
  根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料，不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
  解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意要求进行推断。
  (4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题
  作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。

考点名称：科教类阅读

• 科普类的阅读：
  科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。
  如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。

• 答题技巧：
  1. 加强整体意识，把握文章的主要内容。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和
     关键词做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷更多的信息源。
  2. 审清题干，发觉和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。