题文

阅读理解。

Different from popular thoughts, colds are not caused by bad weather. Colds are caused by viruses (病毒) in the body, and you are better out on the snowy day than you are in a warm room, with your friends, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill (寒冷) when you are coming down with a cold, you are already sick. A chill is an early sign of the cold.       The virus can spread through air when a cold-sufferer (感冒患者) coughs or sneezes. Surprisingly, this is not the most usual way of spreading, Many studies have now shown that most colds are "caught" by hands. A cold-sufferer rubs her nose, so spreading the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit her. They shake their hands. The friend then gets something to eat by hand, and several days later she catches a cold. Although some parents pick up their children's tissues (纸巾) and carefully throw them away, they fail to wash their hands. They'll catch the colds, too.       Cold viruses can also be spread by objects, for example, telephones, plates. The cold-sufferer as well as other members of the house, by washing their hands often, will stop the viruses from spreading in a way.

1. Colds are caused by ______.

[     ]

A. bad weather B. viruses C. chill D. your friends

2. The word "spread" means ______.

[     ]

A. 翻译 B. 传统 C. 传送 D. 传播

3. Which of the following sentences is true in the passage?

[     ]

A. An early sign of the cold is viruses in the body. B. The virus can't spread through air. C. Objects can spread cold viruses, too. D. Few colds are "caught" by hands.

4. People catch colds easily because they ______.

[     ]

A. rub their noses B. shake their hands C. pick up their children's tissues D. can't often wash their hands

5. The passage mainly tells us that ______.

[     ]

A. washing hands is a way to keep us from catching colds B. colds are caused by bad weather C. the cold-sufferer shakes hands with her friends D. we should stay in a warm room on the snowy day

题型：阅读理解  难度：偏难

答案

1-5: BDCDA

据专家权威分析，试题“阅读理解。 Different from popular thoughts, colds are not ca..”主要考查你对  健康环保类阅读  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

健康环保类阅读

考点名称：健康环保类阅读

• 健康环保类阅读：
  本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题。
  体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。

• 健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧：
  应试生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破——归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。
  1.归纳主旨大意：
  (1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。
  主题句通常有这样的特点：
  ①有一个话题(topic)；
  ②有阐述控制性概念，偶尔也可在一段中间；
  ③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。
  (2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。
  应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。
  (3)典型错误：
  ①忽视文章的结构；
  ②混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别；
  ③忽视文章表意的倾向性；
  ④漏掉了主要的特征词。
  
  2.正确推理判断：
  推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。
  (1)数据推断题
  解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。
  (2)知识推断题
  根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
  (3)逻辑结论推断题
  根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料，不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
  解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意要求进行推断。
  (4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题
  作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。